壓路機(jī)是一種常見的工程機(jī)械，具有良好的高原作業(yè)性能；可以碾壓沙性、半粘性及粘性土壤，激振力大，影響深度達(dá)1米以上。適用于高速公路、鐵路、機(jī)場跑道、大壩等大型工程項(xiàng)目的填方壓實(shí)作業(yè)。接下來路泰工程小編將通過壓路機(jī)的分類、操作技巧、選購技巧、碾壓技巧、故障處理、日常維護(hù)等多個(gè)方面的壓路機(jī)知識(shí)點(diǎn)來給大家講講。

Roller is a common construction machinery with good high-altitude operation performance; It can crush sandy, semi cohesive, and cohesive soils with high excitation force and an impact depth of over 1 meter. Suitable for filling and compaction operations in large-scale engineering projects such as highways, railways, airport runways, and dams. Next, the Lutai Engineering editor will explain to you the knowledge points of road rollers from multiple aspects, such as classification, operation skills, selection skills, rolling skills, fault handling, and daily maintenance.

一 、壓路機(jī)的分類

1、 Classification of road rollers

壓路機(jī)按工作質(zhì)量范圍可分為輕型、小型、中型、重型和超重型。根據(jù)壓實(shí)原理的不同，壓路機(jī)可分為靜作用式、振動(dòng)式和沖擊式。根據(jù)壓實(shí)輪結(jié)構(gòu)型式，壓路機(jī)可分為光輪式、凸塊（羊腳碾）式和輪胎式等。根據(jù)壓實(shí)輪組合型式，壓路機(jī)可分為輪胎-光輪組合式、振動(dòng)-振蕩組合式等。根據(jù)壓實(shí)輪作用形式，振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)可分為振動(dòng)式、振蕩式和垂直振動(dòng)式等。

Road rollers can be classified into light, small, medium, heavy, and super heavy types according to their working quality range. According to different compaction principles, road rollers can be divided into static action type, vibration type, and impact type. According to the structure of the compaction wheel, road rollers can be divided into smooth wheel type, convex block (sheep foot roller) type, and tire type. According to the combination type of compaction wheels, road rollers can be divided into tire wheel combination type, vibration oscillation combination type, etc. According to the form of action of the compaction wheel, vibratory rollers can be divided into vibration type, oscillation type, and vertical vibration type.

二、壓路機(jī)操作技巧知識(shí)點(diǎn)

2、 Knowledge points of roller operation skills

壓路機(jī)向前或向后行走，此時(shí)應(yīng)先試下腳剎車是否靈敏。注意：踩腳剎車時(shí)，不可用力過猛，應(yīng)注意不要忘記先踩離合器。轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)方向盤在原地試下，液壓轉(zhuǎn)向器是否有可靠。后扳發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油門手柄使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)達(dá)到速。變速或換向時(shí)壓路機(jī)要先降低發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速，使壓路機(jī)速度下降；變速或換向前，必須踩下主離合器，否則齒輪會(huì)發(fā)生早期磨損或折斷。然后輕推或輕位變速或倒順手柄，下到齒輪完嚙合為止。

When the road roller is moving forward or backward, the foot brake should be tested for sensitivity first. Attention: When stepping on the foot brake, do not apply too much force and be careful not to forget to step on the clutch first. Turn the steering wheel and test in place to see if the hydraulic steering gear is reliable. Pull the throttle lever of the rear engine to bring the engine to speed. When changing gears or direction, the roller should first reduce the engine speed to slow down the roller speed; When shifting gears or moving forward, the main clutch must be pressed down, otherwise the gears will experience early wear or breakage. Then gently push or shift the gear shift or reverse the handle until the gears are fully engaged.

三、壓路機(jī)碾壓技巧

3、 Rolling skills of road roller

無論是上坡碾壓還是下坡碾壓，壓路機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)輪均應(yīng)在后面，這樣做有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：上坡時(shí)，后面的驅(qū)動(dòng)輪可以承受坡道及機(jī)器自身所提供的驅(qū)動(dòng)力，同時(shí)前輪對(duì)路面進(jìn)行初步壓實(shí)，以承受驅(qū)動(dòng)輪所產(chǎn)生的較大的剪切力；下坡時(shí)，壓路機(jī)自重所產(chǎn)生的沖擊力是靠驅(qū)動(dòng)輪的制動(dòng)來抵消的，只有經(jīng)前輪碾壓后的混合料才有支承后驅(qū)動(dòng)輪產(chǎn)生剪切力的能力。

Whether it is uphill rolling or downhill rolling, the driving wheels of the road roller should be at the back. This has the following advantages: when going uphill, the driving wheels at the back can withstand the driving force provided by the slope and the machine itself, while the front wheels perform preliminary compaction on the road surface to withstand the large shear force generated by the driving wheels; When going downhill, the impact force generated by the self weight of the road roller is offset by the braking of the driving wheels. Only the mixture crushed by the front wheels has the ability to support the shear force generated by the driving wheels.

四、壓路機(jī)選購技巧

4、 Tips for selecting a road roller

若想獲得均勻的壓實(shí)密度，可選用輪胎式壓路機(jī)。輪胎式壓路機(jī)在碾壓時(shí)不破壞土壤原有的粘度，各層土壤之間有良好的結(jié)合性能，加之前輪可擺動(dòng)，故壓實(shí)較為均勻，不會(huì)有虛假壓實(shí)情況。若想使路面壓實(shí)平整，可選用驅(qū)動(dòng)式壓路機(jī)。如果是長期作業(yè)于路基壓實(shí)的場所，應(yīng)選購強(qiáng)夯或沖擊壓路機(jī)，若要盡快達(dá)到壓實(shí)效果，可選用大噸位的壓路機(jī)，以縮短工期。

If you want to achieve uniform compaction density, you can choose a tire roller. The tire roller does not damage the original viscosity of the soil during compaction, and there is good bonding performance between each layer of soil. In addition, the front wheel can swing, so the compaction is relatively uniform and there will be no false compaction. If you want to compact and level the road surface, you can choose a driven roller. If it is a long-term operation site for roadbed compaction, a dynamic compaction or impact roller should be selected. To achieve the compaction effect as soon as possible, a large tonnage roller can be used to shorten the construction period.

五、常見壓路機(jī)故障處理方法

5、 Common troubleshooting methods for road rollers

燃油管路空氣排除方法：壓路機(jī)的柴油機(jī)在使用過程中，因油箱中缺少柴油而熄火。柴油機(jī)熄火后，油箱中雖加上柴油，但此時(shí)柴油管路中已經(jīng)進(jìn)入空氣，使用手油泵已無法恢復(fù)供油。

Method for removing air from fuel pipelines: During use, the diesel engine of the road roller may stall due to a lack of diesel in the fuel tank. After the diesel engine is turned off, although diesel is added to the fuel tank, air has already entered the diesel pipeline, and the manual oil pump cannot restore fuel supply.

為排除柴油管路中的空氣，使該柴油機(jī)順利啟動(dòng)，我們采取以下方法：先找來1個(gè)小盆并盛裝定量柴油，將其放置在比柴油泵略高的位置；其次，將油箱連接手油泵的柴油管拆下，放入這個(gè)小盆的柴油中；再次，用手油泵泵送柴油，將低壓油路中的空氣排除干凈后，再將油箱連接手油泵的柴油管裝復(fù)后試機(jī)，柴油機(jī)啟動(dòng)正常。

To eliminate the air in the diesel pipeline and ensure the smooth start of the diesel engine, we adopt the following method: first, find a small basin and fill it with a certain amount of diesel, and place it slightly higher than the diesel pump; Secondly, remove the diesel pipe connecting the fuel tank to the hand pump and put it into the small basin of diesel; Once again, use a manual oil pump to pump diesel, remove the air from the low-pressure oil circuit, and then reinstall the diesel pipe connecting the fuel tank to the manual oil pump before testing the engine. The diesel engine starts normally

6、 Knowledge points for roller maintenance

變速箱保養(yǎng)：變速箱每季至少清洗一次，清洗時(shí)，先在熱狀態(tài)下，停車擰開變速箱側(cè)的放油螺塞，把箱內(nèi)潤滑油放出，再把油塞擰上，箱內(nèi)灌入煤油，起動(dòng)柴油機(jī)，使變速箱低速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)2-3分鐘，停車放掉煤油，清洗油塞并擰到變速箱上，（注意：必須將煤油清放干凈，以免潤滑油與殘留煤油混合而失去潤滑果），然后再加新潤滑油，加至油面到油尺的標(biāo)志線。

Gearbox maintenance: The gearbox should be cleaned at least once a season. When cleaning, first turn on the oil drain plug on the gearbox side while it is hot. Drain the lubricating oil from the gearbox, then turn on the oil plug. Fill the gearbox with kerosene, start the diesel engine, and let the gearbox run at low speed for 2-3 minutes. Stop and drain the kerosene, clean the oil plug, and screw it onto the gearbox. (Note: The kerosene must be cleaned thoroughly to prevent the lubricating oil from mixing with residual kerosene and losing its lubricating oil), and then add new lubricating oil until the oil level reaches the mark line on the dipstick.

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This article is provided with assistance from Jinan Road Roller Rental. For more related content, please click: http://yataoshi.com I hope this article can be helpful to you. Thank you for reading!